02004nas a2200145   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001200229490000800241520145200249100002601701700001701727700001601744856009801760       2007                        eng d00aThe male genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a discussion of their phylogenetic significance0 amale genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a  a711-7420 v1503 aThe male genital tract of Diptera is surveyed, based on whole dissections, with emphasis on nematocerous infraorders and especially the Culicomorpha. The genital tracts of all available nematocerous families are described and illustrated, including, for the first time, those of the families Thaumaleidae, Dixidae, Hesperinidae, and Pachyneuridae, and, as an outgroup, the mecopteran family Nannochoristidae (Mecoptera). On the basis of outgroup comparison, the Diptera + Mecoptera + Siphonaptera share the synapomorphies of accessory gland continuous with the vas deferens and U-shaped vasa deferentia. Further synapomorphies of the male genital tract provide evidence of the monophyly of the Mecoptera + Siphonaptera, Boreidae + Siphonaptera, and the Blephariceridae + Psychodidae + Trichoceridae + Anisopodidae + Brachycera. The Bibionomorpha, Culicomorpha, and Ptychopteromorpha share the synapomorphy of paired, two- to three-chambered accessory gland complexes, with secondary losses in Corethrellidae + Culicidae. It is concluded that there is no convincing evidence for the monophyly of the Chironomoidea. A sperm pump with an ejaculatory apodeme and the absence of a spermatophore are considered to be part of the ground plan of Diptera, but, because of uncertainty as to the identity of the basal lineage within Diptera and the homology of the sperm pump outside of Diptera, the polarity of these features cannot be presently interpreted1 aSinclair, Bradley, J.1 aBorkent, Art1 aWood, Monty  uhttp://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Sinclair_Borkent_Wood_2007_male_genital_tract.pdf