@article {22741,
	title = {Histological structure of the food canal in Nematocera (Diptera) imago head. 3. Sciaroidea},
	journal = {Zoologicheskii Zhurnal},
	volume = {80},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ArticleRussian},
	pages = {421-432},
	abstract = {<p>Sciaroid gnats have different pharyngeal apparatus, despite similar mouthparts and food specialization. The pharynx in Bolitophilidae and Sciaridae is similar to that in Tipulomorpha, Psychodomorpha species and in some representatives of Culicomorpha. Whereas another pharynx type was found in Macroceridae, Keroplatidae, and in some Mycetophilidae species. Its specific features are as follows: nonsclerotized intima, folded epithelium, and a layer of circular muscular fibers around the epithelium. When the sclerotization of the pharynx wall becomes weaker, muscular fibers of the posterior dorsal dilators shift their insertion from the dorsal wall of the pharynx to its lateral longitudinal ridges. The structure of the pharynx in Keroplatidae-Macroceridae is similar to that in Chironomidae described earlier. The characteristics of the pharynx in representatives of these three families may reflect both a weakening of its activity and changes in its mode of function.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animalia-; Bolitophilidae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Culicomorpha- (Diptera-): gnat-; Keroplatidae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Macroceridae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Psychodomorpha- (Diptera-): gnat-; Sciaridae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Tipulomorp, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Dental-and-Oral-System: Ingestion-and-Assimilation; Digestive-System: Ingestion-and-Assimilation; [75314-] Diptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; pharynx-: dental-and-oral-system; food-canal; food-specialization},
	author = {Panov, A. A.}
}
