@article {21731, title = {Prey attraction by larvae of the New Zealand glowworm, Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Invertebrate Biology}, volume = {120}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {170-177}, abstract = {The hypothesis that bioluminescence produced by larvae of the New Zealand glowworm, Arachnocampa luminosa, attracts prey was tested experimentally in Reserve Cave, Waitomo, New Zealand, and in its bush-clad entrance over a total of 200 days during winter, spring, and summer. We compared catches on transparent adhesive traps placed either over glowworms or over areas from which glowworms had been removed. Adhesive traps over glowworms caught significantly more invertebrates per trap per day than did control traps. Glowworms in bush attracted greater numbers and types of invertebrates than did glowworms in the cave. Diptera predominated in both bush (86\% of the total catch) and cave (89\%). Also caught were small numbers of Araneae, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Trichoptera, Gastropoda, Acarina, and Neuroptera-listed in order of abundance-but no adults of A. luminosa were caught. Glowworms under adhesive traps survived with little or no food for up to 78 days.}, keywords = {Animalia-; [61200-] Gastropoda-, Animalia-; [75304-] Coleoptera-, Animalia-; [75314-] Diptera-, Animalia-; [75336-] Neuroptera-, Animalia-; [75340-] Orthoptera-, Animalia-; [75354-] Trichoptera-, Animalia-; [75402-] Arachnida-, Animalia-; ticks- (Acarina-): prey-; spiders- (Arachnida-): prey-; coleopterans- (Coleoptera-): prey-; Arachnocampa-luminosa (Diptera-): New-Zealand-glowworm, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-; Communication-; [75403-] Acarina-, Chelicerata-, Chelicerates-, Insecta-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Arachnida-, larva-, Mollusca-, predator-; dipterans- (Diptera-): prey-; gastropods- (Gastropoda-): prey-; neuropterans- (Neuroptera-): prey-; orthopterans- (Orthoptera-): prey-; trichopterans- (Trichoptera-): prey-; Acarina-: Animals-}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Broadley_\&_Stringer_2001_Glowworm_prey_attrestion.pdf}, author = {Broadley, R. Adam and Stringer, Ian A. N.} } @article {21740, title = {Mycophagous flies and their mushroom hosts: A challenge to the competitive exclusion principle?}, journal = {AAAS Annual Meeting and Science Innovation Exposition}, volume = {168}, year = {2002}, note = {Meeting-Abstract; MeetingEnglish}, pages = {A91}, keywords = {Animalia-; Ascomycetes- (Ascomycetes-): host-; mushroom- (Basidiomycetes-): host-; Cecidomyiidae- (Diptera-); Drosophilidae- (Diptera-); Muscidae- (Diptera-); Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-); Phoridae- (Diptera-); Platypezidae- (Diptera-); Sciaridae- (Diptera-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Environmental-Sciences; [15100-] Ascomycetes-, Fungi-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Cuyahoga-County: Ohio-, Microorganisms-, mycophagous-; Ascomycetes-: Fungi-, Nearctic-region; competitive-exclusion-principle; mature-forest-biome; mixed-mesophytic-forest-biome; niche-partitionin, Nearctic-region; Geauga-County: Ohio-, Nearctic-region; Portage-County: Ohio-, Nonvascular-Plants, North-America, Plantae-; [15300-] Basidiomycetes-, Plantae-; [75314-] Diptera-, Plants-; Basidiomycetes-: Fungi-, Plants-; Diptera-: Animals-, Terrestrial-Ecology: Ecology-, USA-}, author = {Bunyard, Britt A. and Foote, B. A.} } @article {21744, title = {First record of Keroplatus tipuloides (Bosc, 1792) in Luxembourg (Diptera, Nematocera, Keroplatidae)}, journal = {Bulletin de la Societe des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois}, number = {101}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {111-116}, abstract = {In 1999 the species Keroplatus tipuloides Bosc, 1792 (Diptera, Nematocera, Keroplatidae) was found in the forest Schnellert near Berdorf. This is the first record of this species in Luxembourg.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Keroplatus-tipuloides (Diptera-): new-record; Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies; [75314-] Diptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Luxembourg-: Europe-, Palearctic-region; forest-: habitat-; geographic-distribution}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Cardew_\&_Carrieres_2001_Keroplatus.pdf}, author = {Cardew, Melanie and Carrieres, Evelyne} } @article {22053, title = {The influence of honeydew on arthropod community composition in a New Zealand beech forest}, journal = {New Zealand Journal of Ecology}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {23-29}, abstract = {The effect of honeydew density on arthropod community structure was investigated in the Nothofagus forest of Nelson Lakes National Park, New Zealand. Pitfall trapping revealed no community response to honeydew density, whereas sticky trapping showed the community composition of trunk-dwelling arthropods varied along a honeydew gradient. Mycetophilidae, Staphylinidae, Pteromalidae and Margarodidae were classified as high honeydew biased, while Diapriidae and Platygasteridae were non-honeydew biased. Arthropod distributions within a forest are not uniform, as a result of honeydew patchiness.}, keywords = {Angiospermae-, Animalia-; [26070-] Fagaceae-, Animalia-; [75304-] Coleoptera-, Animalia-; [75314-] Diptera-, Animalia-; [75326-] Hymenoptera-, Animalia-; arthropod- (Arthropoda-): common-; Staphylinidae- (Coleoptera-): family-; Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-): family-; Nothofagus- (Fagaceae-): genus-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, beech-, common-; Margarodidae- (Homoptera-): family-; scale-insect (Homoptera-): common-; Diapriidae- (Hymenoptera-): family-; Platygasteridae- (Hymenoptera-): family-; Pteromalidae- (Hymenoptera-): family-; Arthropoda-: Animals-, Dicotyledones-, Environmental-Sciences; [75000-] Arthropoda-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Coleoptera-: Animals-, Invertebrates-; Diptera-: Animals-, Invertebrates-; Fagaceae-: Ang, Plantae-; [75324-] Homoptera-, Spermatophyta-, Terrestrial-Ecology: Ecology-}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Ewers_2002_The_influence _honeydew.pdf}, author = {Ewers, Robert} } @article {22136, title = {Fossil Diptera in Baltic amber: the collection of the Museum d{\textquoteright}histoire naturelle Neuchatel}, journal = {Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia}, volume = {46}, number = {October}, year = {2003}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {407-410}, abstract = {The history and scope of the collection of inclusions in Baltic amber of the Museum d{\textquoteright}histoire naturelle Neuchatel (MHNN) is briefly outlined. Diptera are largely dominant, with some 4600 specimens belonging to 38 families, some of which are of rare or very rare occurrence in Baltic amber. A table summarizing the families represented in the collection and including the number of specimens of each of them is provided.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Cecidomyiidae- (Diptera-): family-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies; Paleobiology-; [75314-] Diptera-, Fossil-; Ceratopogonidae- (Diptera-): genus-, Fossil-; Chironomidae- (Diptera-): family-, Fossil-; Diptera- (Diptera-): higher-taxa, Fossil-; Diptera-: Animals-, Fossil-; Dolichopodidae- (Diptera-): family-, Fossil-; Empididae- (Diptera-): family-, Fossil-; Limoniidae- (Diptera-): family-, Fossil-; Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-): family-, Fossil-; Phoridae- (Diptera-): family-, Fossil-; Psychodidae- (Diptera-): family-, Fossil-; Scatopsidae- (Diptera-): family-, Fossil-; Sciaridae- (Diptera-): family-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; amber-; Baltic-: Europe-, Palearctic-region; Museum-d; {\textquoteright}; histoire-naturelle-Neuchatel}, author = {Haenni, Jean-Paul} } @article {22277, title = {The biodiversity of Diptera in Old World rain forest surveys: a comparative faunistic analysis}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, volume = {31}, number = {7}, year = {2004}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {1185-1200}, abstract = {Aim Identify the taxonomic patterns and the relative importance of particular families of Diptera sampled in comparative biodiversity surveys carried out at seven rain forest locations. We test and quantify the contention that different trapping methods routinely target different families. We identify the south-north (and upland/lowland) patterns and generate a set of hypotheses concerning mechanisms underlying these patterns. Location Australia and Papua New Guinea. Methods A total of 28,647 Diptera collected using canopy knockdown, yellow pan (water) traps and Malaise traps have been sorted to 56 families following these surveys. Comparative analyses across sites from Lamington National Park in south-east Queensland, Australia to the Kau Wildlife area in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, of the dipteran assemblages, and separately, of the 14 families which collectively made up 95.8\% of the sample, are presented. Results Ordination by multi-dimensional scaling and analyses of variances showed that the three methods complemented each other in terms of target families and, together, sampled a large proportion of the expected fauna of these sites. Ordinations on a method-by-method basis permitted the identification of groups of sites and analyses of variance indicated which taxa differed significantly across these groups. Main conclusions Recurrent patterns and associated hypotheses about their generation emerge from the data. These mirror floristic differences and reflect the biogeographic history of the sites since the Miocene. Clear linkages between the lowland faunas of Papua New Guinea and northern Australia are evident and are reflected in the abundances of the Dolichopodidae, Empididae, Muscidae and Tipulidae (other groupings underlined the essential difference of the New Guinean fauna which had characteristic proportions of Cecidomyiidae, Chironomidae, Dolichopodidae, Phoridae and Psychodidae). A subtropical grouping of families was evident comprising, inter alia, Chloropidae, Mycetophilidae, Drosophilidae and Phoridae which was frequently linked with the higher elevation tropical fauna at Robson{\textquoteright}s Creek, Atherton Tablelands. The long isolated, high elevation, rain-forested massif at Eungella, central Queensland often emerged as a unique entity in the analyses, characterized by the high numbers of and proportions of Chironomidae, Psychodidae, Tipulidae and Empididae. This study supports the case for the wider use of Diptera in biodiversity analyses, complementing extensive earlier analyses which have used, predominantly, large coleopteran assemblages. The results indicate the potential power of family-level analyses at large geographical scales and contribute to the ongoing debate on {\textquoteright}taxonomic sufficiency{\textquoteright}.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Diptera- (Diptera-): higher-taxa; Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-; Biogeography-: Population-Studies; [75314-] Diptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Australia-: Australasian-region; Papua-New-G}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Kitching_et_al_2004_biodiversity_of_diptera_old_world_forest.pdf}, author = {Kitching, R. L. and Bickel, D. and Creagh, A. C. and Hurley, K. and Symonds, C.} } @article {22488, title = {New records on little-known western Palaearctic Macrocera MEIGEN, with a description of M. jonica sp.n. from Greece (Diptera: Keroplatidae)}, journal = {Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1-2}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {109-114}, abstract = {New data are published on distribution of 11 species of the genus Macrocera in Europe and North Africa, and a description of Macrocera jonica sp.n. from Greece (Corfu) is presented.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Macrocera- (Diptera-): Keroplatidae-; Macrocera-jonica (Diptera-): Keroplatidae-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, description-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Greece-: Europe-, new-species; Diptera-: Animals-, Palearctic-region; North-Africa: Ethiopian-region; geographic-distribution; morphology-, Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon]}, author = {Martinovsky, Jaroslav} } @article {22567, title = {Notes sur le genre Greenomyia Brunetti et description d{\textquoteright}une espece nouvelle des Alpes et des Apennins (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France}, volume = {38}, number = {1-2}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleFrench}, pages = {13-16}, abstract = {The systematic history of the genus Greenomyia Brunetti is briefly related. Greenomyia fugitiva and lepida Sivec and Plassmann, described from Sri Lanka, are attributed to the genus Clastobasis Skuse. Following this emendation, Greenomyia appears as a mainly Holarctic genus. Greenomyia brunettii is proposed as a new name for Leia nigra Brunetti. A new species, G. theresae, is described from the Western and Dinaric Alps and the Apennins. Lastly, a key to the species of the genus is given.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Clastobasis- (Diptera-); Clastobasis-lepida (Diptera-): description-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Europe-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Alps-: Europe-, new-combination; Greenomyia- (Diptera-); Greenomyia-brunettii (Diptera-): description-, new-name; Greenomyia-theresae (Diptera-): description-, new-species; Diptera-: Animals-, Oriental-region; geographic-distribution; morphology-, Palearctic-region; Apennins-: Italy-, Palearctic-region; Sri-Lanka: Asia-, Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon]}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Matile_2002_Greenomyia.pdf}, author = {Matile, Loic} } @article {22659, title = {Mycetophilidae s.l. (Diptera) of linden-oak-hornbeam woods in the Bialowieza National Park}, journal = {Fragmenta Faunistica (Warsaw)}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {341-351}, abstract = {Fungus gnats were studied in linden-oak-hornbeam woods, the most representative plant associations in the Bialowieza National Park. The species composition, abundance and frequency of Mycetophilidae s. l. at three selected sites were compared. 257 species were recorded. Most of the material was collected by netting, some by light and by odour baits.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-); Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies; [75314-] Diptera-, Europe-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Bialowieza-National-Park: Poland-, Palearctic-region; light-collection-method: field-method; netting-: field-method; odor-baits: field-method; linden-oak-hornbeam-woods; species-abundancy; species-composition}, author = {Mikolajczyk, Waldemar} } @article {22742, title = {Histological structure of clypeo-cibarial and labral skeleton and musculature in Nematocera (Diptera). 3. Bibionomorpha}, journal = {Zoologicheskii Zhurnal}, volume = {83}, number = {5}, year = {2004}, note = {ArticleRussian}, pages = {580-596}, abstract = {The labrum in the Bibionomorpha studied is developed to a different extent. It is elongated in Bolitophila, Sylvicola, and Bibio, relatively short in many mycetophilids, and very short in Keroplatus. Its outer wall is usually sclerotized and rarely membranous (Keroplatus, Scatopse, and Sylvicola). The labro-epipharyngeal muscle fibers are found in the majority of species studied. They are mostly located at the labral base and in Bolitophila, through the whole labrum. Except for Keroplatus, there exists a clypeo-labral muscle acting perhaps as a labral levator. The clypeus either has a form of completely sclerotized shield strongly fused with the frons and genae (Bolitophila, Macrocera, Scatopse); or it consists of a sclerotized shield-like centroclypeus surrounded with its membranous zone (Mycetophillidae, Bradysia); or its sclerotized portion is horseshoe-shaped and also surrounded with a membrane, except for a narrow sclerotized stripe connecting it with the frons (Bibio, Sylvicola). Correspondingly, there are three types of clypeo-cibarial junction: distal rod-shaped, central lamellar, and central rod-shaped, the latter being similar to the fulcrum of brachyceran Diptera. Epithelial clypeo-cibarial junction is absent. There is a tentorio-cibarial muscle in all the studied species of Bibionomorpha, whereas a very feeble cranio-cibarial muscle was found only in Boletina and Scartopse.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Bibio- (Diptera-): genus-; Bibionomorpha- (Diptera-): genus-; Bolitophila- (Diptera-): genus-; Bradysia- (Diptera-): genus-; Keroplatus- (Diptera-): genus-; Macrocera- (Diptera-): genus-; Mycetophillidae- (Diptera-): higher-taxa; Nematocera- (D, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, central-rod-shaped, clypeo-cibarial, distal-rod-shaped; histological-structure, Insecta-, Insects-, Integumentary-System: Chemical-Coordination-and-Homeostasis; Muscular-System: Movement-and-Support; [75314-] Diptera-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; centroclypeus-: sclerotized-, labral-; clypeo-cibarial-junction-types: central-lamellar, shield-like; clypeo-labral-muscle: muscular-system; frons-; labral-base; labro-epipharyngeal-muscle-fibers: muscular-system; labrum-: skeletal-system; skeleton-: skeletal-system}, author = {Panov, A. A.} } @article {22745, title = {Contributions to a history of Mexican Dipterology. Part I. Entomologists and their works before the Biologia Centrali-Americana}, journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie}, number = {84}, year = {2001}, note = {Biography; ArticleEnglish}, pages = {65-173}, abstract = {The life and works of entomologists who described species of Diptera from Mexico before the publication of the Biologia Centrali-Americana are presented, including some commentaries about the collectors. Here are listed all the Mexican Diptera species-names proposed by Thomas Say (15 species), Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann (35 species), Pierre Justin Marie Macquart (71 species), John Obadiah Westwood (5 species), Bracy Clark (1 species), Francis Walker (91 species), Luigi Bellardi (176 species), Camilo Rondani (5 species), F. Jaennicke (24 species), Edward Adolph Gerstaecker (8 species), Jaques Marie Frangille Bigot (205 species), Alfred Duges (1 species), Friedrich Moritz Brauer (3 species), F. M. Brauer and J. F. Bergenstamm (13 species), Ermanno Giglio-Tos (177 species), and Ewald Rubsaamen (2 species). Included are a total of 832 specific names of the following 51 current families (in phylogenetic order): Tipulidae, Culicidae, Simuliidae, Anisopodidae, Bibionidae, Ditomyiidae, Mycetophilidae, Sciaridae, Xylomyidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Rhagionidae, Pantophtalmidae, Therevidae, Mydidae, Asilidae, Nemestrinidae, Acroceridae, Bombyliidae, Empididae, Dolichopodidae, Syrphidae, Conopidae, Micropezidae, Neriidae, Psilidae, Tanypezidae, Richardiidae, Otitidae, Platystomatidae, Tephritidae, Dryomyzidae, Sepsidae, Sciomyzidae, Lauxaniidae, Lonchaeidae, Ephydridae, Drosophilidae, Chloropidae, Heleomyzidae, Rhinotoridae, Anthomyiidae, Scatophagidae, Muscidae, Hippoboscidae, Streblidae, Nycteribiidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Tachinidae, and Cuterebridae. The original reference, type-locality, depository museum or collection, present taxonomic status of each name and additional references are presented.}, keywords = {Animalia-; dipteran- (Diptera-); Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biography-: History-; Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Mexico-: North-America, Nearctic-region; dipterology-; ent}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Papavero_Bernal_2001_History_of_mexican_dipterology.pdf}, author = {Papavero, Nelson and Ibanez-Bernal, Sergio} } @article {22750, title = {Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera) from Taiwan}, journal = {Annales Historico Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici}, volume = {94}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {135-140}, abstract = {The first records of the family Lygistorrhinidae (Sciaroidea) are given from Taiwan. A new genus Matileola, with its type species M. yangi sp. n. and Lygistorrhina chaoi sp. n. are described.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Lygistorrhina-chaoi (Diptera-): species-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, description-; Diptera-: Animals-, description-; Matileola-yangi (Diptera-): species-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Taiwan-: Asia-, new-species, Palearctic-region; geographic-distribution; morphology-, Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon]}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Papp_2002_LygistorrhinidaeTaiwan.pdf}, author = {Papp, Laszlo} } @article {22751, title = {Additions and corrections to the "Checklist of the Diptera of Hungary"}, journal = {Folia Entomologica Hungarica}, volume = {63}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {139-147}, abstract = {First records and corrections to the Checklist for species of Keroplatidae, Macroceridae, Hybotidae, Empididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Psilidae, Pallopteridae, Odiniidae and Heleomyzidae are reported (additional 24 spp.). Pseudoseps Becker and Chaetomus Czerny are those genera, which are recorded for the first time. Turanodinia nigripalpis sp. n. is described from Hungary with three figures.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Chaetomus- (Diptera-): genus-; Empididae- (Diptera-): family-; Heleomyzidae- (Diptera-): family-; Hybotidae- (Diptera-): family-; Keroplatidae- (Diptera-): family-; Macroceridae- (Diptera-): family-; Odiniidae- (Diptera-): family-; Pallopterida, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies; Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon], description-; Diptera-: Animals-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Hungary-: Europe-, new-species, Palearctic-region; geographic-distribution; morphology-}, author = {Papp, Laszlo} } @article {22761, title = {Fungus-gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from maramures depression, at first mention in Romania}, journal = {Travaux du Museum National d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa"}, volume = {44:}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {261-265}, abstract = {There are presented 35 species, mentioned for the first time in Romania, collected from the Maramures Depression (northern Romania) between 1995-1998. Genera Grzegorzekia and Rondaniella are mentioned for the first time in the Romanian fauna, and the species Leia maculosa Strobl 1900 is found for the first time since its description in Bosnia-Herzegovina.}, keywords = {Animalia-; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon], Animalia-; animal- (Animalia-): common-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies; [33000-] Animalia-, Europe-, fauna-; Grzegorzekia- (Diptera-): genus-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Bosnia-: Europe-, Mycetophilidae-; fungus-gnat (Diptera-): common-; Animalia-: Animals-; Diptera-: Animals-, Mycetophilidae-; Leia-maculosa (Diptera-): species-, Mycetophilidae-; Rondaniella- (Diptera-): genus-, New-record, Palearctic-region; faunistics-; geographic-distribution, Palearctic-region; Herzegovina-: Europe-, Palearctic-region; Maramures-Depression: Romania-}, author = {Parvu, Corneliu} } @article {22855, title = {Insect production from temporary and perennially flowing headwater streams in western Oregon}, journal = {Journal of Freshwater Ecology}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {391-407}, abstract = {To evaluate the contribution of headwater streams to the forest ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest, we used emergence traps to examine the effect of stream flow (perennial vs. dry-season temporary) on emergent aquatic insect fauna at three sites in the conifer forests of western Oregon. Total density and biomass of aquatic insects were higher in temporary streams than in perennial streams. Taxonomic richness was consistently higher in perennial streams. The number of Chironomidae exceeded those of all other taxa during the spring, but the chironomids were largely replaced by Mycetophilidae as the most abundant taxon during the summer, especially in temporary streams. Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera emerged in higher numbers from perennial than from temporary streams. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that the absence of vertebrate predators (fish and giant salamanders) allows the populations of arthropods in temporary streams to flourish, serving as: (1) a potential source of colonization and (2) an important role in the terrestrial food web as an abundant food source for terrestrial insectivores.}, keywords = {Amphibia-, Animalia-; [75300-] Insecta-, Animalia-; [75314-] Diptera-, Animalia-; [75318-] Ephemeroptera-, Animalia-; [75354-] Trichoptera-, Animalia-; [85200-] Pisces-, Animalia-; salamander- (Caudata-): insectivore-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Chordata-, Chordates-, Environmental-Sciences; [85304-] Caudata-, Fish-, Freshwater-Ecology: Ecology-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Ephemeroptera-: Animals-, Invertebrates-; Insecta-: Animals-, Invertebrates-; Pisces-: Animals-, Nonhuman-Vertebrate, Nonhuman-Vertebrates, predator-; Chironomidae- (Diptera-); Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-); Ephemeroptera- (Ephemeroptera-); insect- (Insecta-): fauna-; fish- (Pisces-): insectivore-, predator-; Trichoptera- (Trichoptera-); Caudata-: Amphibians-, Vertebrata-, Vertebrates-; Diptera-: Animals-}, author = {Progar, R. A. and Moldenke, A. R.} } @article {22870, title = {Contribution to the study of fungus-gnats (Diptera: Mycetophiloidea) of Portugal. 7: Two new records}, journal = {Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia}, number = {207}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {305-307}, abstract = {In this study two new mycetophilid records are presented to Portugal: Keroplatus reaumurii (Dufour, 1839) and Synapha vitripennis (Meigen, 1818).}, keywords = {Animalia-; Keroplatus-reaumurii (Diptera-): species-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, description-; fungus-gnat (Diptera-): common-; Diptera-: Animals-, description-; Synapha-vitripennis (Diptera-): species-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Portugal-: Europe-, new-species, Palearctic-region; geographic-distribution, Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon]}, author = {Ribeiro, Eugenia} } @article {22935, title = {The soil fauna community in pure and mixed stands of beech and spruce of different age: Trophic structure and structuring forces}, journal = {Oikos}, volume = {101}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {225-238}, abstract = {This study investigates the response of the soil fauna community to replacement of beech by spruce or by mixed stands of beech and spruce. Stands of different age were investigated in a factorial design with the factors tree species (beech and spruce) and stand age (30 and 120 years). The input of leaf/needle litter did not differ significantly between the study sites. By contrast, the amount of organic matter in upper soil layers (L/F, H/Ah) of spruce forests strongly exceeded that of beech forests particularly in mature stands. The increase in organic matter in spruce stands was not associated by an increase in the amount of microbial biomass. Biomass of eight (bacterivorous, fungivorous and omnivorous nematodes, enchytraeids, earthworms, isopodes, mycetophilid and cecidomyiid Diptera) of the twelve microbi-detritivorous soil animal groups studied was significantly increased in beech forests; only that of one group (elaterid beetles) was increased in spruce forests and three groups did not respond significantly (collembolans, oribatid mites, sciarid Diptera). This indicates that in the forests studied neither habitat space (amount of organic matter in L/F and H/Ah layers) nor the amount of microbial biomass controlled microbi-detritivores. Rather, the quality of litter materials and the concentration of microbial biomass therein appeared to be most important. Herbivores and predators also were favoured by beech: the biomass of one (rhizophagous nematodes) of the three herbivorous groups studied were significantly increased in beech stands and none in spruce stands; the biomass of four (predatory nematodes, centipedes, carabid and cantharid beetles) of the seven carnivorous groups studied were increased in beech stands, none in spruce stands. Generally, the biomass ratio between prey and predators was at a minimum in mature beech and mixed stands indicating more intense top-down control in these forests. Overall, the study documents that replacement of beech by spruce strongly alters the soil food web. Mixed stands were more similar to spruce stands in respect to the biomass of soil animal groups but predator-prey interactions appeared to be more similar in mature beech and mixed stands. Differences between tree species usually were more pronounced in 120 compared to 30 years old stands indicating that the development of stand characteristics is slow.}, keywords = {Angiospermae-, Animalia-; [25102-] Coniferopsida-, Animalia-; [26070-] Fagaceae-, Animalia-; [75202-] Chilopoda-, Animalia-; [75304-] Coleoptera-, Animalia-; [75306-] Collembola-, Animalia-; oribatid-mite (Acarina-): common-; centipede- (Chilopoda-): common-; beetle- (Coleoptera-): common-; carabid- (Coleoptera-): common-; collembolan- (Collembola-): common-; spruce- (Coniferopsida-): common-; Diptera- (Diptera-): higher-taxa; beec, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Aschelminthes-, Chelicerata-, Chelicerates-, Dicotyledones-, Environmental-Sciences; [75403-] Acarina-, Gymnospermae-, Helminthes-, Insecta-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Chilopod, Myriapoda-, Plantae-; [51300-] Nematoda-, Plantae-; [75314-] Diptera-, Spermatophyta-, Terrestrial-Ecology: Ecology-}, author = {Scheu, Stefan and Albers, Derk and Alphei, Joern and Buryn, Romuald and Klages, Ute and Migge, Sonja and Platner, Christian and Salamon, Joerg-Alfred} } @article {22966, title = {First record of Cordyla Meigen and Monoclona Mik from the Oriental region (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Beitraege zur Entomologie}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {155-160}, abstract = {Cordyla orientalis sp. n. and Monoclona laosilvatica sp. n. are described from the Bolaven Plateau in southern Laos. This is the first record of these principally Holarctic genera from the Oriental region. The new species of Cordyla belongs to the species group with yellowish coloration, 12 flagellomeres and long stem of Cu-fork, and is thus most closely related to the Palaearctic Cordyla flaviceps (STAEGER, 1840) and C. fasciata MEIGEN, 1830. The new species of Monoclona belongs to the species group with ventrally separated gonocoxites and is closely related to Monoclona silvatica ZAITZEV, 1983, M. orientalis ZAITZEV, 1983 and M. rufilatera (WALKER, 1837).}, keywords = {Animalia-; Cordyla- (Diptera-); Cordyla-fasciata (Diptera-); Cordyla-flaviceps (Diptera-); Cordyla-orientalis (Diptera-): description-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Oriental-Region: Asia-, new-species; Monoclona- (Diptera-); Monoclona-laosilvatica (Diptera-): description-, new-species; Monoclona-orientalis (Diptera-); Monoclona-silvatica (Diptera-); Diptera-: Animals-, Oriental-region; geographic-distribution; morphology-, Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon]}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Sevcik_2001_oriental cordyla-monoclona.pdf}, author = {Jan {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}k} } @article {22970, title = {New records of Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae (Diptera) from Slovakia}, journal = {Biologia (Bratislava)}, volume = {57}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {198, 212}, keywords = {Animalia-; Bolitophilidae- (Diptera-): new-record; Keroplatidae- (Diptera-): new-record; Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-): new-record; Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon], Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Slovakia-: Europe-, Palearctic-region; sweep-netting: collection-method; yellow-pan-traps: field-equipment}, author = {Jan {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}k} } @article {22973, title = {The identity of Mycetophila obsoleta Zetterstedt, 1852 and the description of M. boreocruciator sp. n. (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Biologia (Bratislava)}, volume = {58}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {Taxonomic-Review; ArticleEnglish}, pages = {201-204}, abstract = {The type material of Mycetophila obsoleta Zetterstedt has been examined. The lectotype of Mycetophila obsoleta is designated and its synonymy with Platurocypta punctum (Stannius) established. A new species, Mycetophila boreocruciator sp. n., is described. The new species belongs to the M. cruciator (Laffoon) group and is recorded from Sweden, Estonia and Slovakia.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Mycetophila-boreocruciator (Diptera-): species-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, description-; Mycetophila-cruciator (Diptera-): species-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Estonia-: Europe-, Mycetophilidae-, Mycetophilidae-; Diptera-: Animals-, Mycetophilidae-; Mycetophila-obsoleta (Diptera-): species-, new-species, Palearctic-region; geographic-distribution; lectotype-designation; morphology-; synonymy-, Palearctic-region; Slovakia-: Europe-, Palearctic-region; Sweden-: Europe-, synonym-; Platurocypta-punctum (Diptera-): species-, Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon]}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Sevcik_2003_Mycetophila.pdf}, author = {Jan {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}k} } @article {23047, title = {Sticholeia loici sp. n., a new species from Indonesia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France}, volume = {38}, number = {1-2}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {55-56}, abstract = {Sticholeia loici n. sp. is described and the male terminalia are figured. The species originates from Maluku (Mollucs), Indonesia, and seems closely related to S. dolichostyla from New Guinea.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Sticholeia-dolichostyla (Diptera-); Sticholeia-loici (Diptera-): description-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-;, new-species; Diptera-: Animals-, Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon]}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Soli_2002_Sticholeia_sp_n.pdf}, author = {Soli, Geir E. E.} } @article {23048, title = {New species of Eumanota Edwards, 1933 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France}, volume = {38}, number = {1-2}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {45-53}, abstract = {An emended diagnosis of Eumanota Edwards, 1933 is given. All available material of previously described species has been studied, and three new species are described, E. malukuensis from Maluku (Moluccas), Indonesia, E. racoli sp. n. from Thailand, and E. suthepensis sp. n. from Thailand and Laos. The monotypic genus Promanota Tuomikoski, 1966 is considered to be a subjective junior synonym of Eumanota. In all, six species are included in the genus, all from the Oriental region.}, keywords = {Animalia-; Eumanota-racoli (Diptera-): new-species; Eumanota-suthepensis (Diptera-): new-species; Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Laos, Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon]}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Soli_2002_Eumanota_sp_n.pdf}, author = {Soli, Geir E. E.} } @article {23111, title = {Impacts of the weed Tradescantia fluminensis on insect communities in fragmented forests in New Zealand}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {102}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {31-46}, abstract = {The impact of the weed Tradescantia fluminensis on insect communities, as represented by Malaise-trapped beetles (Coleoptera) and fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae s. l.), was studied in three forest fragments. Each fragment contained three plots with and without a dense weed cover. Data on vegetation and habitat variables were collected. Twinspan and Decorana analyses separated the plots by fragment for fungus gnat communities, and nearly so for the presence/absence of beetle species. The fungus gnat communities separated into plots with and without tradescantia at two sites, and there were fewer species of fungus gnats and beetles in tradescantia plots at the site with the simplest habitat structure. The richness of beetle and fungus gnat species was correlated with vascular plant richness. As tradescantia is known to prevent regeneration of many native plants, we predict a corresponding decline in invertebrate diversity and fragment complementarity where the weed is established.}, keywords = {Angiospermae-, Animalia-; [25260-] Commelinaceae-, Animalia-; beetle- (Coleoptera-); Tradescantia-fluminensis (Commelinaceae-): weed-; fungus-gnat (Diptera-); Coleoptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-; Conservation-; [75304-] Coleoptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Commelinaceae-: Angiosperms-, Invertebrates-; New-Zealand: Australasian-region; Decorana-analysis: analytical-method; Twinspan-analysis: analytical-method; fragmented-forests; insect-communities; species-richness, Monocots-, Monocotyledones-, Plantae-; [75314-] Diptera-, Plants-, Spermatophyta-, Spermatophytes-, Vascular-Plants; Diptera-: Animals-}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Toft_et_al_2001.pdf}, author = {Toft, Richard J. and Harris, Richard J. and Williams, Peter A.} } @article {23166, title = {The origin, diversity, and structure function relationships of insect luciferases}, journal = {CMLS Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences}, volume = {59}, number = {11}, year = {2002}, note = {Literature-Review; ArticleEnglish}, pages = {1833-1850}, abstract = {Luciferases are the enzymes that catalyze the reactions that produce light in bioluminescence. Whereas the oxidative mechanism which leads to light emission is similar for most luciferases, these enzymes and their substrates are evolutionarily unrelated. Among all bioluminescent groups, insects constitute one of the most diverse in terms of biochemistry. In the fungus-gnats (Mycetophilidae: Diptera), for example, bioluminescence is generated by two biochemically distinct systems. Despite the diversity, investigations on insect luciferases and biochemistry have been conducted mostly with fireflies. The luciferases from the related phengodid beetles, which can produce green to red bioluminescence using the same chemistry as firefly luciferases, have been recently investigated. Beetle luciferases originated from ancestral acylCoA ligases. Present data suggest that conserved motifs among this class of ligases are involved in substrate adenylation. The three-dimensional structure of firefly luciferase was recently solved and mutagenesis studies have been performed identifying putative residues involved in luciferin binding and bioluminescence color determination in several beetle luciferases. The knowledge gained through these studies is helping in the development of useful reporter gene tools for biotechnological and biomedical purposes.}, keywords = {121295-11-2Q; 9013-18-7; 9014-00-0Q; 61869-41-8Q; 61969-99-1Q; 61970-00-1Q; 62213-54-1Q; 76106-81-5Q; 2591-17-5Q; 7273-34-9Q; 21730-91-6Q; 50909-86-9Q; 55779-48-1Q; 58947-91-4Q; 61369-27-5Q; 121295-11-2Q; light-emission, 21730-91-6Q, 50909-86-9Q, 55779-48-1Q, 58947-91-4Q, 61369-27-5Q, 61869-41-8Q, 61969-99-1Q, 61970-00-1Q, 62213-54-1Q, 7273-34-9Q, 76106-81-5Q; luciferin-: 2591-17-5Q, Animalia-; beetle- (Coleoptera-): common-; Coleoptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Enzymology-: Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; [75304-] Coleoptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; firefly-; acyl-CoA: acyl-coenzyme-A; acyl-CoA-ligases: 9013-18-7; luciferases-: 9014-00-0Q}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Viviani_2002_Luciferace.pdf}, author = {Viviani, Vadim R.} } @article {23167, title = {Two bioluminescent diptera: The North American Orfelia fultoni and the Australian Arachnocampa flava. Similar niche, different bioluminescence systems}, journal = {Photochemistry and Photobiology}, volume = {75}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {22-27}, abstract = {Orfelia fultoni is the only bioluminescent dipteran (Mycetophilidae) found in North America. Its larvae live on stream banks in the Appalachian Mountains. Like their Australasian relative Arachnocampa spp., they build sticky webs to which their bioluminescence attracts flying prey. They bear two translucent lanterns at the extremities of the body, histologically distinct from the single caudal lantern of Arachnocampa spp., and emit the bluest bioluminescence recorded for luminescent insects (lambdamax=460 nm versus 484 nm from Arachnocampa). A preliminary characterization of these two bioluminescent systems indicates that they are markedly different. In Orfelia a luciferin-luciferase reaction was demonstrated by mixing a hot extract prepared with dithiothreitol (DTT) under argon with a crude cold extract. Bioluminescence is not activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but is strongly stimulated by DTT and ascorbic acid. Using gel filtration, we isolated a luciferase fraction of apprx140 kDa and an additional high molecular weight fraction (possibly a luciferin-binding protein) that activated bioluminescence in the presence of luciferase and DTT. The Arachnocampa luciferin-luciferase system involves a 36 kDa luciferase and a luciferin soluble in ethyl acetate under acidic conditions; the bioluminescence is activated by ATP but not by DTT. The present findings indicate that the bioluminescence of O. fultoni constitutes a novel bioluminescent system unrelated to that of Arachnocampa.}, keywords = {111839-44-2Q; argon-: 7440-37-1; ascorbic-acid: 50-81-7Q, 121295-11-2Q; Appalachian-Mountains: USA-, 21730-91-6Q, 42530-29-0Q, 50909-86-9Q, 55779-48-1Q, 58947-91-4Q, 61369-27-5Q, 61869-41-8Q, 61969-99-1Q, 61970-00-1Q, 62213-54-1Q, 62624-30-0Q; dithiothereitol-: DTT-; ethyl-acetate: 141-78-6; luciferase-: 9014-00-0Q, 7273-34-9Q, 76106-81-5Q; luciferin-: 2591-17-5Q, 94587-45-8Q, Animalia-; Arachnocampa-flava (Diptera-): Australian-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Bioenergetics-: Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics; Radiation-Biology; [75314-] Diptera-, bioluminescent-, bioluminescent-; Keroplatus- (Diptera-): bioluminescent-; Orfelia-fultoni (Diptera-): North-American, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; caudal-lantern; ATP-: 56-65-5Q, larvae-; Diptera-: Animals-, Nearctic-region; 56-65-5Q; 42530-29-0Q; 94587-45-8Q; 111839-44-2Q; 7440-37-1; 50-81-7Q; 62624-30-0Q; 141-78-6; 9014-00-0Q; 61869-41-8Q; 61969-99-1Q; 61970-00-1Q; 62213-54-1Q; 76106-81-5Q; 2591-17-5Q;, North-America}, url = {http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Viviani_et_al_2002_fultoni_\&_aracnocampa.pdf}, author = {Viviani, Vadim R. and Hastings, J. Woodland and Wilson, Therese} } @article {21628, title = {Life cycle of an Australian glow-worm Arachnocampa flava Harrison (Diptera: Keroplatidae: Arachnocampinae)}, journal = {Australian Entomologist}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {45-55}, abstract = {

The life cycle of the southeast Queensland glow-worm Arachnocampa flava Harrison is documented and comparisons made with the more extensively studied New Zealand glow-worm, A. luminosa (Skuse). The adult life span of A. flava is short. Females live a maximum of 2.5 days and males 6 days. Egg development time is 7-9 days and the pupal stage lasts 6-7 days. Behaviour associated with snare construction, prey capture and snare mending is described. Pupae lie suspended horizontally by an anterior and posterior bracing cord, whereas A. luminosa pupae are suspended vertically by a single cord attached at the thorax. Only larvae and one early stage female pupa of A. flava were observed to bioluminesce in the laboratory.

}, keywords = {Animalia-; Arachnocampa-flava (Diptera-): species-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Australian-glow-worm, common-; Arachnocampa-luminosa (Diptera-): species-; Diptera-: Animals-, Development-; [75314-] Diptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; thorax-; egg-development-time; life-cycle; life-span; prey-capture; snare-construction; snare-mending}, author = {Baker, Claire H. and Merritt, D. J.} } @article {22319, title = {Notes on the Palaearctic species of the genus Polylepta Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) with a new synonymization}, journal = {Entomologica Fennica}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {91-97}, abstract = {

Morphological differences between three Palaearctic species of Polylepta Winnertz-P. borealis Lundstrom, P. guttiventris (Zetterstedt) and P. zonata (Zetterstedt) - are discussed and detailed genital figures for males and females are given. Polylepta meridionalis Bechev, 1990 is shown to be a junior synonym of Polylepta zonata (Zetterstedt, 1852).

}, keywords = {Animalia-; Polylepta- (Diptera-): genus-; Polylepta-borealis (Diptera-): species-; Polylepta-guttiventris (Diptera-): species-; Polylepta-meridionalis (Diptera-): species-; Polylepta-zonata (Diptera-): species-; Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; morphological-differences; synonymization-, Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-}, author = {Kurina, Olavi} } @article {22740, title = {Histological structure of the food canal in Nematocera (Diptera) imago head. 4. Bibionidae, Scatopsidae, Anisopodidae and general conclusion}, journal = {Zoologicheskii Zhurnal}, volume = {80}, number = {5}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleRussian}, pages = {556-566}, abstract = {

The cephalic food canal of bibionid, scatopsid, and anisopodid midges have different structure regardless of the similar trophic specialization. The most plesiomorphic canal is in scatopsids with the cibarium dilator consisting of numerous tubular muscle fibers and the three-radial pharynx devoid of intrinsic circular muscles. The cephalic food canal in Bibionidae belongs to the type previously described in Chironomidae and some Sciaroidea (Keroplatidae and Macroceridae), whose main characteristics are the weak sclerotization of the pharyngeal wall and development of intrinsic pharyngeal circular muscles. Anisopodids possess a weak cibarial pump and combine both plesiomorphic and apomorphic traits in the pharynx structure. Their major plesiomorphies are strong sclerotization of the pharyngeal intima and the three-radial pharyngeal lumen. The so-called oblique muscle of the precerebral pharynx appears to be anisopodid autoapomorphy. It was not found in any other nematocerans and acts as protractor and pharynx dilator. The studies of the cibario-pharyngeal apparatus in representatives of 20 Nematocera families attest to their great diversity within the suborder. It was established: the existence of two principally different structural types of the pharynx; oligomerization of muscle fibers in the cibarial and pharyngeal dilators in most Nematocera families; a shift of the punctum fixum and punctum mobile of dilator muscles depending on the muscle strength and degree of the pharynx wall sclerotization.

}, keywords = {Animalia-; Bibio-marci (Diptera-); Scatopse-notata (Diptera-); Sylvicola-punctatus (Diptera-); Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Cell-Biology; Dental-and-Oral-System: Ingestion-and-Assimilation; [75314-] Diptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; food-canal: histological-structure; head-: imaginal-; muscle-fiber: muscular-system, oligomerization-; pharynx-: dental-and-oral-system, sclerotization-; apomorphic-traits; autapomorphic-traits; plesiomorphic-traits}, author = {Panov, A. A.} } @article {22850, title = {New species of the genus Boletina Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Fennoscandia}, journal = {Entomologica Fennica}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {23-33}, abstract = {

Nine new species of the fungus-gnat genus Boletina Winnertz (B.alcata sp. n., B. hedstroemi sp. n., B. struthioides sp. n., B. kivachiana sp. n., B. fennoscandica sp. n., B. lapponica sp. n., B. subtriangularis sp. n., B. atridentata sp. n. and B. cot-data sp. n.) are described from Russian Karelia, Finland and Sweden. The descriptions are based on recently collected specimens as well as on the old material deposited in the collection of the Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland. Most of the collecting localities are situated in oldgrowth reservations or habitats suggested to protection. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of genitalia are given. Ecological data and information on closely related species are provided.

}, keywords = {Animalia-; Boletina-altridentata (Diptera-): species-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Asia-, description-; Boletina-cordata (Diptera-): species-, description-; Boletina-falcata (Diptera-): species-, description-; Boletina-fennoscandica (Diptera-): species-, description-; Boletina-hedstroemi (Diptera-): species-, description-; Boletina-kivachiana (Diptera-): species-, description-; Boletina-lapponica (Diptera-): species-, description-; Boletina-struthioides (Diptera-): species-, description-; Boletina-subtriangularis (Diptera-): species-, description-; Diptera-: Animals-, Economic-Entomology; Systematics-and-Taxonomy; Terrestrial-Ecology: Ecology-, Environmental-Sciences; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon], Europe-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Fennoscandia-: Europe-, new-species, Palearctic-region;, Palearctic-region; Finland-: Europe-, Palearctic-region; Karelia-: Russia-}, author = {Polevoi, Alexei V. and Hedmark, Kjell} } @article {22978, title = {Mycetophilidae (Diptera): Additions and corrections to the "Checklist of the Diptera of Hungary"}, journal = {Folia Entomologica Hungarica}, volume = {63}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {149-156}, abstract = {

One genus (Pseudorymosia) and 33 species of Mycetophilidae are recorded as new for the Hungarian fauna. Epicypta fumipennis Bukowski, 1934, syn. nov., is a junior subjective synonym of Platurocypta testata (Edwards, 1925). Some corrections to the Checklist are given.

}, keywords = {Animalia-; Epicypta-fumipennis (Diptera-): species-; Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-): family-; Platurocypta-testata (Diptera-): species-; Pseudorymosia- (Diptera-): genus-; Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies; Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Hungary-: Europe-, Palearctic-region; new-synonymy}, author = {Jan {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}k and Papp, Laszlo} } @article {23091, title = {Fungus-gnat Platurocypta punctum (Stannius) (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) having emerged from a fruiting body of slime mold (Myxomycetes)}, journal = {Japanese Journal of Entomology (New Series)}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, year = {2002}, note = {ArticleJapanese}, pages = {143-144}, abstract = {

Platurocypta punctum (Stannius) (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) was firstly recorded from Japan based on the adult specimens emerged from a fruiting body of Fuligo septica (L.) (Myxomycetes: Physarales: Physaraceae). We observed the larvae feeding on spores within the fruiting body at Kamigamo Experimental Forest in Kyoto, central Japan. P. punctum may be closely associated with slime molds.

}, keywords = {adult-, Animalia-; [15700-] Myxophyta-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Asia-, Behavior-; Terrestrial-Ecology: Ecology-, common-, Environmental-Sciences; [75314-] Diptera-, food-, Fungi-, fungus-gnat, host-; Diptera-: Animals-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Myxophyta-: Fungi-, larva-; Fuligo-septica (Myxophyta-): species-, Microorganisms-, Nonvascular-Plants, Palearctic-region; emergence-behavior; feeding-behavior, Palearctic-region; Kyoto-: Japan-, Plantae-; Platurocypta-punctum (Diptera-): species-, Plants-; fruiting-body; Kamigamo-Experimental-Forest: Japan-, slime-mold, spore-}, author = {Sugiura, Shinji and Fukasawa, Yu and Yamazaki, Kazuo} } @article {22741, title = {Histological structure of the food canal in Nematocera (Diptera) imago head. 3. Sciaroidea}, journal = {Zoologicheskii Zhurnal}, volume = {80}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleRussian}, pages = {421-432}, abstract = {

Sciaroid gnats have different pharyngeal apparatus, despite similar mouthparts and food specialization. The pharynx in Bolitophilidae and Sciaridae is similar to that in Tipulomorpha, Psychodomorpha species and in some representatives of Culicomorpha. Whereas another pharynx type was found in Macroceridae, Keroplatidae, and in some Mycetophilidae species. Its specific features are as follows: nonsclerotized intima, folded epithelium, and a layer of circular muscular fibers around the epithelium. When the sclerotization of the pharynx wall becomes weaker, muscular fibers of the posterior dorsal dilators shift their insertion from the dorsal wall of the pharynx to its lateral longitudinal ridges. The structure of the pharynx in Keroplatidae-Macroceridae is similar to that in Chironomidae described earlier. The characteristics of the pharynx in representatives of these three families may reflect both a weakening of its activity and changes in its mode of function.

}, keywords = {Animalia-; Bolitophilidae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Culicomorpha- (Diptera-): gnat-; Keroplatidae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Macroceridae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Mycetophilidae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Psychodomorpha- (Diptera-): gnat-; Sciaridae- (Diptera-): gnat-; Tipulomorp, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Dental-and-Oral-System: Ingestion-and-Assimilation; Digestive-System: Ingestion-and-Assimilation; [75314-] Diptera-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; pharynx-: dental-and-oral-system; food-canal; food-specialization}, author = {Panov, A. A.} } @article {22318, title = {On the identification of Palaearctic species in the genus Cordyla Meigen (Diptera, Mycetophilidae); preliminary results}, journal = {Norwegian Journal of Entomology}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {231-235}, abstract = {

The morphology of male specimens of 14 Palaearctic Cordyla species is studied. The species can be arranged according to the colour of the swollen segment of palpus, the number of flagellar segments and the structure of male genitalia. On the basis of the colour of the swollen segment of palpi the species can be divided into two groups, the number of flagellar segments into four groups, and the structure of the genitalia into three groups. Morphological differences between the groups are discussed with an emphasise on genital differences.

}, keywords = {Animalia-; Cordyla- (Diptera-): male-; Diptera-: Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; genitalia-: reproductive-system; palpus-; coloration-; morphological-differences; morphology-, Morphology-; Systematics-and-Taxonomy; [75314-] Diptera-}, author = {Kurina, Olavi} } @article {22977, title = {Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae (Diptera): genera and species new to Hungary}, journal = {Folia Entomologica Hungarica}, volume = {62}, year = {2001}, note = {ArticleEnglish}, pages = {217-229}, abstract = {

Three species of Bolitophilidae, as well as 50 species and three genera (Syntemna, Megophthalmidia and Pseudexechia) of Mycetophilidae are recorded as new for the Hungarian fauna. Dynatosoma nigripes sp. n. is described. Twenty-two additional species of the Mycetophilidae, whose specimens were identified but not published by specialists from the materials of the HNHM, are reported for the first time.

}, keywords = {Animalia-; Dynatosoma-nigripes (Diptera-): description-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biogeography-: Population-Studies; [75314-] Diptera-[new-taxon], Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-; Hungary-: Europe-, new-species; Megophthalmidia- (Diptera-); Pseudexechia- (Diptera-); Syntemna- (Diptera-): new-record; Diptera-: Animals-, Palearctic-region}, author = {Jan {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}k and Papp, Laszlo} }