00616nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001700041245007300058210006900131260001200200300001200212653001700224653001500241653001400256653001500270100001800285700002000303700002300323856007600346       2011                        eng d  a1648–8555 00aEleven species of Sciaroidea (Diptera) new to the Lithuanian fauna  0 aEleven species of Sciaroidea Diptera new to the Lithuanian fauna  c12/2011  a101-10510adistribution10aFaunistics10aLithuania10aSciaroidea1 aKurina, Olavi1 aVilkamaa, Pekka1 aRimšaite, Jolanta  uhttp://www.entomologai.lt/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=81&lang=en02197nas a2200157   4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300001200185490000800197520171300205100002501918700002201943700002301965700002501988856002602013       2011                        eng d00aStable structural color patterns displayed on transparent insect wings0 aStable structural color patterns displayed on transparent insect  a668-6730 v1083 aColor patterns play central roles in the behavior of insects, and are important traits for taxonomic studies. Here we report striking and stable structural color patterns—wing interference patterns (WIPs)—in the transparent wings of small Hymenoptera and Diptera, patterns that have been largely overlooked by biologists. These extremely thin wings reflect vivid color patterns caused by thin film interference. The visibility of these patterns is affected by the way the insects display their wings against various backgrounds with different light properties. The specific color sequence displayed lacks pure red and matches the color vision of most insects, strongly suggesting that the biological significance of WIPs lies in visual signaling. Taxon-specific color patterns are formed by uneven membrane thickness, pigmentation, venation, and hair placement. The optically refracted pattern is also stabilized by microstructures of the wing such as membrane corrugations and spherical cell structures that reinforce the pattern and make it essentially noniridescent over a large range of light incidences. WIPs can be applied to map the micromorphology of wings through direct observation and are useful in several fields of biology. We demonstrate their usefulness as identification patterns to solve cases of cryptic species complexes in tiny parasitic wasps, and indicate their potentials for research on the genetic control of wing development through direct links between the transregulatory wing landscape and interference patterns we observe in Drosophila model species. Some species display sexually dimorphic WIPs, suggesting sexual selection as one of the driving forces for their evolution.1 aShevtsova, Ekaterina1 aHansson, Christer1 aJanzen, Daniel, H.1 aKjærandsen, Jostein  uhttp://wipbarcode.com