Phylogeny of the Manotinae, with a review of Eumanota Edwards, Paramanota Tuomikoski and Promanota Tuomikoski (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)

The phylogeny of the Manotinae and related genera was studied by parsimony analysis. The cladistic analysis of 60 morphological characters from the adults of 27 (extant) or 29 (extant and fossil) ingroup species and one outgroup species produced three shortest cladograms. In the analysis excluding the fossils, the most parsimonious solution confirmed the monophyly of the Manotinae sensu TUOMIKOSKI. In the cladograms obtained by analysing the extant and fossil taxa together, one fossil species, Alavamanota burmitina BLAGODEROV & GRIMALDI, appeared as the sister-group of Manota WILLISTON, whereas the other fossil, Alavamanota hispanica BLAGODEROV & ARILLO, was placed outside the Manotinae clade. In both analyses, the genus Procycloneura ENDERLEIN, traditionally classified in the Leiini, appeared as the sister-group of the Manotinae. Unlike the Manotinae, the genera of the Leiini sensu EDWARDS analysed here did not form a monophyletic group. The Leiini appear to be highly polyphyletic, and our results thus confirm the doubts of many previous authors concerning the monophyly of this tribe. Five new species from the Oriental region are described: Eumanota hilleviae spec. nov., E. kambaiti spec. nov., Paramanota awanensis spec. nov., P. peninsulae spec. nov. and P. sumatrana spec. nov. Promanota malaisei TUOMIKOSKI, 1966 is redescribed and the genera Eumanota, Paramanota and Promanota are redefined. The females of Eumanota and Paramanota are described for the first time.