Hemisphaeronotus Saigusa, 2007

Habitus. 

Elongate, long-legged mycetophilids with strongly humpbacked mesoscutum overlapping head, incompletely divided mesepimeron, only short setose mesoscutellum lacking marginal setae, wing characters as in genus Boletina Staeger, 1840, male epandrium completely fused with gonocoxites bearing trifurcate gonostylus, and female cercus lobate and one-segmented.

Head.

Shape: Head moderately large, hemispherical, in dried specimens tightly attached to more or less concaved cervical and prothoracic regions under anterior 1/3 of mesoscutum, therefore head directed ventrally and morphological posterior margin of head almost dorsal. Frons 1.3 times as wide as long, more or less narrowed anteriorly; face twice as wide as long; clypeus as long as face, twice as long as wide; frons, face and clypeus without setae. Vertex short, greater part of vertex and occiput representing bottom surface of hemispherical head concealed in lateral aspect, short setose only on upper lateral areas of vertex.

Antennae: Antenna moderately long for Grioristini, longer in male than in female; scape as long as thick and short setose, pedicel spherical , half as long as scape, and short setose on ventral surface; flagellum consisting of 14 flagellomeres , each flagellomere pale pilose and bearing several short black setulae more abundant on basal flagellomeres; 1st flagellomere several times as long as thick; distal flagellomere almost as long as penultimate.

Eyes: Compound eyes oval, with inner margin almost straight, not emarginated above antennal bases, densely covered with inter-mmatidial setae 3 times as long as diameter of ommatidium; vertical diameter of eye 1.4 times as long as transverse diameter.

Ocelli: Ocelli 3 in number, arranged almost transversely, but middle ocellus slightly shifted anteriorly from lateral pair, middle ocellus half as large as lateral pair in diameter, lateral pair situated midway between middle ocellus and inner eye margin.

Mouthparts: Mouthparts short; labrum triangular, almost as long as face; labella small , very short setose; maxillary palpus greatly shortened, 2/3 as long as height of compound eye, 1st and 2nd palpomeres united into short segment with some setulae, 3rd spherical and with large sensory area occupying most of mesal surface and bearing some 10 setulae, 4th cylindrical , as long as 3rd , 5th longer than 4th and with several setulae towards tip

Thorax. 

Lateral Sclerites: Mediotergite large and elongate , bare and not swollen posteriorly. Prothoracic and cervical areas situated on sunken ventral surface of mesoscutum; anterior pronotum with median area invisible in dried condition, with lateral part flattened bearing several setae; proepisternum bare, proepimeron narrowly tapered to sharpl y pointed ventral extremity that is articulated with anterior margin of mesokatepisternum ; precoxal sclerotization of prothorax bare , isolated as sclerite on membranous area; prosternum bare. Mesothoracic pleuron deep and much obliquely situated on lateral part of thorax, its vertical length 0.6-0.7 times as long as combined length of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum; no setae on any part of mesothoracic pleuron ; pleural suture of mesothorax appearing along only dorsal half of episternum and close to base of cx2; anapleural suture disappearing on anterior 2/3 to 3/4 of its ordinary length, therefore suture not reaching anterior margin of episternum; laterotergite large and bare. Metathoracic pleuron small, metakatepisternum twice as long as deep, quadrate and bare; metepimeron small and bare; metanotal seta just dorsal to halter base present or absent.

Notum: Mesoscutum large, hemispherical and strongly humpbacked,expanded anteriorly like an eave that overlaps head; parapsidal suture nearly transverse,directed medially at right angle to lateral margin of mesonotum. Acrostichals absent, dorsocentrals uniserial to irregularly biserial; sublateral portions of mesoscutum setose, prealar (notopleural) to supra-alar areas close to lateral margins of mesoscutum densely clothed with long stiff setae arranged in uniserial or irregularly biserial rows. Scutellum moderately large, oval and about 1.5 times as wide as long, bearing only short setulae on lateral areas of anterior half, setulae may be reduced to 1-2 in number and confined to lateral corners of scutellum.

Wings Sizes and Ratios: Wing elongate

Wings Setation: Wing membrane densely covered with microtrichia, lacking macrotrichia.

Wings: Venation: Sc, R, R1, R4+5, r-m crossvein bearing long setae on dorsal surface, R, R1, apical part of R4+5 with longish setae on ventral surface in some species; M1, M2, M4 and apical part of CuA and CuP with short setae on dorsal surface. C slightly extended beyond tip of R4+5, Sc ending at or slightly proximad of Rs base, sc-r and R4 absent, r-m crossvein twice as long as Rs and slightly longer than common stem of M1 and M2: fork of M4 and CuA between level of r-m crossvein and fork of M1 and M2: cupseudovein (traditional CuP) distinct, CuP (traditional A1) strong, both extending near level of fork of M4 and CuA. Wing weakly infuscate on apical 1/4, with weak cloud from Rs to fork of MI and M2.

Halters: Halter brown or yellow, with yellow shaft.

Legs.

Sizes and Ratios: Legs long and slender as in other Gnoristini genera

Setation and Ornamentation: cx1 and cx2 setose on anterior surface, cx3 setose on outer surface; distal setae strong; femora short setose, with anteroventral row of setae as long as or half as long as f thickness ; tibiae with several anterior, dorsal, posterior and ventral short bristles, more or less thickened at apical portion; tl with oblong anterodistal patch densely clothed with minute pile; tarsi short haired bearing a few setae; apex of 5th tarsomere produced into dorsal process. Ungues bearing several ventral teeth, larger apically; in males of some species posterior unguis lamellate, with small apical projection; empodium small.

Abdomen.

Colour: Abdomen elongate and moderately long setose

Segments: 1st abdominal sternum entire, undivided into main anterior part and small posterior part, lacking setae; other abdominal sternum complete, without longitudinal fold lines. In male, 7th and 8th abdominal segments usually almost concealed in 6th segment; 7th segment 0.5-0.7 times as long as 6th, 7th tergum very short, represented by transverse linear sclerite lacking setae, 7th sternum setose; 8th segment shorter than 7th, 8th tergum similar to 7th tergum: 8th sternum bare or with a few setulae along posterior margin

Male Terminalia: 10th tergite and cerci: Cercus small, membranous, concealed below eave-like expansion of epandrium and only short setose; pair of hypoproct lobes similar to cercus in shape and more sparsely setose; phallic organ small , compact, outwardly short produced into a stout projection with a minute tooth-like tip apically , and pair of short internal apophyses.

Male Terminalia: Gonocoxites: Gonocoxite with ventrodistal part produced in lamellate projection more or less triangular in shape

Male Terminalia: Gonostili: Gonostylus trilobate, dorsal lobe style-like, middle main lobe large and usually spatulate, densely clothed with minute spinules on flexed surface apically, ventral lobe small and setose

Male Terminalia: Size and General Shape: 

Male genitalia large, wider than apical abdominal segments; epandrium fused with dorsal margins of gonocoxite leaving no border between them, more or less produced posteriorly like an eave and bearing some stiff setulae on distal margin

Female Terminalia: Colour, Size and General Shape: Female terminalia short; 7th abdominal segment 2/3 as long as 6th segment, 8th to 10th terga very short, 8th sternum with a pair of small lamellate lobes bearing short setae; 9th tergum nearly half as long as 8th, lacking setae, 9th sternum a long triangular plate applied just beneath hypoproct (10th venter)

Female Terminalia: Sternites and Gonopodes: 10th sternum (hypoproct) divided into pair of elongate sclerites arising from epiproct without distinct border and extending posteriorly below cerci and bearing some setae; cercus unsegmented, comprising longish, broadly lamellate, oval lobe , short setose and bearing some longish setae along outer margin.

Female Terminalia: Tergites and Cerci: 10th tergum (epiproct) consisting of lateral setiferous lobe and transversely narrow median part raised dorsally and roundly produced posteriorly