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Classification
Tarnania fenestralis (Meigen, 1818)
Tarnania fenestralis
Habitat:In caves
Tarnania fenestralis
Habitat:in caves
Distribution after:Tarnania fenestralis
Tarnania fenestralis
Tarnania fenestralis
Tarnania fenestralis
Distribution:After Kurina & Grootaert, 2016
Tarnania fenestralis (Meigen, 1818)
General description:The text is based on Kjærandsen (2006): Review of fungus gnats in the genus Tarnania Tuomikoksi, with a phylogeny of the Rymosia s.l. genus group (Diptera : Mycetophilidae)
Biology:The species has been reared from Gomphales (Ramaria), Polyporales (Pleurotus), Boletales (Boletus, Leccinum), Agaricales (Armillaria, Clitocybe, Collybia, Cortinarius, Entoloma, Hygrophorus, Hypholoma, Lepista, Leucopaxillus, Lyophyllum, Macrolepiota, Pholiota, Tricholoma) (•), and are known to hibernate in mines and caves (• •).
Diagnostic description:Apart from the coloration as given in the key (• males) the male can be separated from other Tarnania primarily by the shape of the hypandrial lobe, which in ventral view is wide basally, then gradually tapering to a constricted apical half (B); in lateral view distinctly concave (B). Further diagnostic characters of the male include: Ventral branch of the gonostylus with internal setae confined to ventral margin (B); tergite IX about as long as wide (B); and the aedeagus being wide triangular, with narrow, u-shaped excavation anteriorly (B). The female is best separated from other Tarnania by the combination of dark coloration (females), having broad, less pointed gonapophysis VIII and short, ovate cercus II (B).
Morphology:Male (n = 5, except where otherwise stated):
Coloration (fresh animal in alcohol): Antenna with scape, pedicel and basal half of first flagellomere light yellow; rest of flagellum brown, paler towards apex. Head reddish brown, postgena yellow; clypeus yellow, maxillary palp yellow. Thorax with well defined mesonotal stripes on pale yellow ground including entire humeral areas; Anterior margin of anepisternum, lower two thirds of katepisternum, posterior margin of laterotergite, posterior two thirds of mediotergite and metepisternum yellowish brown; thoracic sclerites otherwise pale yellow. Wing unmarked; yellow tinted, especially in costal and radial sector; wing veins yellow with dark setae. Halter whitish. Legs pale yellow; mid and hind coxae with small, usually distinct, brownish spot apicomedially. Abdomen mainly brown with narrow yellow bands apically, tergites III–V with narrow reddish yellow area lateroapically granulated with medium sized dark spots; tergite VI dark brown; sternites gradually darker towards terminalia; terminalia yellow; tergite IX and cercus yellow.
Head: Round, width/length to frontal tubercle 1.37–1.62, 1.46. Antenna 2–2.28 (n=4) mm long. First flagellomere 1.74–1.97, 1.86 times as long as second flagellomere. Second flagellomere 1.24–1.9, 1.46 times as long as wide. Length/width of clypeus 0.59–0.69, 0.64. Antepenultimate palpomere 0.2–0.23, 0.22 mm long, palpomere ratios 1: 1.21–1.39, 1.29: 2.46–2.85, 2.74.
Thorax: One strong proepisternal bristle.
Wings: Wing length to length of R1 1.97–2.14, 2.04. R5 slightly sinusoid, wing length to length of R5 1.61–1.68, 1.64. Crossvein ta with small, distinct white spot. Length of ta to length of M-petiole 0.81–1.29, 1.11. Fork length ratio (A/B) 0.96–1.14, 1.06. Fork width ratios (C/D and E/F) 1.91–2.25, 2.07 and 0.6–0.83, 0.72. M-ratios 0.5–0.6, 0.57 and 0.54–0.66, 0.61. CuA-ratios 0.62–0.77, 0.69 and 0.81–1.07, 0.92. CuP length to length of wing 0.55–0.59, 0.58. A1 length to length of wing 0.44–0.45, 0.44.
Legs: Leg ratios given for fore, mid and hind leg: LR 1.1–1.18, 1.13: 1.02–1.11, 1.07: 0.78–0.82, 0.8; SV 1.68–1.76, 1.73: 1.76–1.9, 1.85: 2.21–2.31, 2.25; BV 1.56–1.76, 1.62: 1.95–2.1, 2: 3–3.21, 3.11; TR 1.54–1.67, 1.6: 1.8–1.91, 1.88: 2.51–2.64, 2.59.
Terminalia (•): Genitalia as large as or larger than abdominal segment VI. Tergite IX about as long as wide, densely covered with setae. Cercus stout, with dorsal widening basomedially; 3.39–4.48, 3.81 as long as wide in dorsal view. Aedeagus widely triangular, with less deep medial invagination apically. Hypandrial lobe wide basally, then gradually tapering to a constricted apical half; in lateral view distinctly concave, with small, distinct hook apically. Gonostylus with dorsointernal branch fan-shaped; median branch with apical half distinctly tapered, apically without seta; ventral branch without distinct protrusion apicodorsally, with internal setae confined to ventral margin.
Female (n = 5, except where otherwise stated):
Coloration (fresh animal in alcohol): As for male, except abdominal tergites III - VI with larger, triangular reddish yellow areas laterally, more heavily granulated with large dark spots; tergite VII and terminalia reddish yellow.
Head: Round, width/length to frontal tubercle 1.28–1.56, 1.46. Antenna long, 2.24–2.36, 2.31 mm. First flagellomere 1.74–1.97, 1.86 times as long as second flagellomere. Second flagellomere 1.34–1.7, 1.47 times as long as wide. Length/width of clypeus 0.58–0.84, 0.73. Antepenultimate palpomere 0.22–0.26, 0.24 mm long, palpomere ratios 1: 1.22–1.33, 1.28: 2.66–2.84, 2.72. Thorax: One strong proepisternal bristle.
Wings: Wing length to length of R1 1.98–2.1, 2.03. R5 slightly sinusoid, wing length to length of R5 1.58–1.64, 1.62. Crossvein ta with small, distinct white spot. Length of ta to length of M-petiole 0.94–1.36, 1.14. Fork length ratio (A/B) 1.08–1.15, 1.12. Fork width ratios (C/D and E/F) 1.92–2.14, 2.03 and 0.6–0.8, 0.68. M-ratios 0.55–0.63, 0.59 and 0.61–0.68, 0.64. CuA-ratios 0.64–0.67, 0.66 and 0.84–0.9, 0.88. CuP length to length of wing 0.57–0.6, 0.58. A1 length to length of wing 0.44–0.46, 0.45.
Legs: Leg ratios given for fore, mid and hind leg: LR 1.12–1.17, 1.14: 1.02–1.13, 1.08: 0.78–0.83, 0.8; SV 1.67–1.74, 1.7: 1.75–1.94, 1.84: 2.19–2.28, 2.24; BV 1.58–1.67, 1.61: 1.86–2.06, 1.99: 2.99–3.16, 3.08; TR 1.56–1.64, 1.6: 1.71–1.94, 1.86: 2.47–2.63, 2.55.
Terminalia (•): Cercus I less conical. Cercus II short, ovate, 2.56–2.94, 2.75 as long as wide in lateral view. Gonapophysis VIII broadly pointed towards apex; apicodorsal margin not sinusoid.
Size:Male (n = 5): Total length 7 – 8.5, 8 mm. Wing length 4.6 – 5.2, 4.97 mm, or 3.49 – 3.61, 3.53 x as long as profemur. Mesonotum length 1.14 – 1.38, 1.3 mm, or 0.25 – 0.27, 0.26 x as long as wing.
Female (n = 5): Total length 8 – 9.5, 8.7 mm. Wing length 5.24 – 5.6, 5.39 mm, or 3.48 – 3.67, 3.56 x as long as profemur. Mesonotum length 1.4 – 1.5, 1.46 mm, or 0.27 – 0.28, 0.27 x as long as wing.
Risk statement:Tarnania fenestralis may be considered the main and most important parasite of extensive King Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél.) productions of the northwest of Segovia province in Spain (Tobar, V., Notario A., & Castresana L. 2010: Tarnania fenestralis (Meigen, 1818) (Díptera: Micetophilidae) associated with the fungus Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél.)
Tarnania fenestralis, distribution map
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